Journalism Errors: Double Check The Spelling of Names and Other Facts

When Emilie Davis, a newspaper journalism professor at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University, picks up her nametag at an event, she often stares down at the more common spelling of her name, â€Å"Emily.† She is used to people misspelling her name, so she usually leaves it the way it’s written to not make it a big deal. As Steve Davis, Emilie Davis’s husband, explained his wife’s silent frustration when people misspell her name, he said, â€Å"it never hurts to just double check.† Steve Davis, also a newspaper journalism professor, as well as chair of the newspaper department at the Newhouse School, is very familiar with spelling mistakes and factual errors when it comes to news writing. Before coming to Newhouse, Davis had been the executive editor for the Public Opinion, the Chambersburg, Pa., community newspaper, and both national editor and Washington editor at USA Today. â€Å"It’s a miracle how few mistakes there are when you consider the hundreds and thousands of articles published every day,† Davis said. But even though he knows about all the hard work put toward error-free articles, he has still come to understand how unforgiving people can be when a journalist does make a mistake. When a person’s name is spelled wrong an article, â€Å"the reaction can be deadly,† Davis said. In a business where one must present his work to people who will examine it, and after one mistake deem it â€Å"crap,† Davis said, â€Å"it takes bravery to do that every day.† This harsh reality of the news writing industry provoked the thought process behind the Newhouse School’s spelling/grammatical/factual error grading policy in news writing and editing classes. In the first half of the introductory news ... ...licy that reveals itself during the second half of the semester. Students no longer receive an F for one error, but rather one letter-grade less than they would have received for an article with no mistakes. Students who have gotten two or three F’s on articles have still ended up getting an A in the course, Davis said, since the second half of the semester counts more than the first. â€Å"It’s all about learning,† Davis said. â€Å"If they show improvement, often the F’s from the beginning will get thrown out.† Sometimes the professors come together and say, â€Å"Should we change the policy?† Davis said. But in the end, they always agree it’s for the best. Since they won’t be changing the policy any time soon, Davis gives out a warning to students using someone’s name in an article. â€Å"Don’t take nametags for granted,† Davis said. â€Å"Remember, it never hurts to just double check.†

Education in Pakistan Essay

The existing education delivery system is not meeting the needs and aspirations of the society as such particularly, it is a challenge to the provinces and districts for the 21st century. Moreover, prior to devolution, the policy and planning have been undertaken by the central and provincial governments without taking into account the ground realities and without the participation of community. The main objectives of the devolution plan is to empower the community at the grassroots level in planning, management, resource mobilization and utilization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the education  system to improve the service delivery at that level. The main inherent issues of education systems are: †¢teachers absenteeism, †¢high drop out rates particularly at primary level, †¢high repetition rates, †¢low completion rates, †¢inequalities by gender, †¢location and social groups, †¢low literacy rate and †¢unsatisfactory performance of schools, these issues have been addressed under DOP through empowerment of local communities. The present government has initiated political and administrative devolution under its reforms agenda under Local Government Plan 2000. The Local Government Ordinance was promulgated on 14th August 2001. Under devolution, political power, decision-making authority, and administrative responsibilities have been moved as closes as possible to the village, union council, tehsil and district levels, with only the major policy-making, coordination, and special service functions being retained with the central and provincial governments. The main purpose of the devolution is to improve the service delivery at the grass root level in various sectors. It is believed that highly centralized system of education is greatly hampering the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery service at the grass-root level. Successive governments  addressed this problem in their policies and plans since 1947. The present government has envisioned with a clear commitment to reform a number of aspects of education system framed within the 1998-2010 National Education Policy and ten year perspective development plan 2001-2011 to increase educational opportunities for all children, to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery service at grass root level. ESR is an Action Plan for 2001-2005, has been fully integrated into the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and about 80% of the ESR packages covers adult literacy, Education for All and technical education. Devolution plan is the mainframe for implementation of ESR. The education sector reforms (ESRs) have been design to address the following areas of education system: 1. Comprehensive literacy and poverty reduction program. 2. Expansion of primary elementary education. 3. Introduction of technical stream at the secondary level. 4. Improving the quality of education through teacher training. 5. Higher education sector reforms. 6. Public-private partnership. 7. Innovative programs. POLICIES AND GOALS OF EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN: Since independence, attempts have been made to relate the education system to the needs  and inspirations of the country. All Education Conference was held in 1947 as per directives of the founder of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He provided the basic guidelines for the future development of education by emphasizing interalia, that the education system should suit the genius of our people, consonant with our history, culture and instill the highest sense of honor, integrity, responsibility, and selfless service to the nation. It should also provide scientific and technical knowledge to build up our economic life. This was followed by the appointment of various commissions, which submitted their  reports periodically. The 1959 Report of the Commission on National Education enjoys a peculiar position in the history of educational reforms. There were several other commissions and policy statements up to 1973. In 1973 the civilian democratic government came up with a 1973 constitution which provided that the state shall: (a) promote unity and observance of the Islamic moral standards; (b) promote with special care the educational and economic interests of backward areas; (c) remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period; (d) make technical and professional education generally available and higher education equally accessible to all on the basis of merit; (e) enable the people of different areas, through education , training, agriculture and industrial development , and other methods to participate fully in all form of national activities including employment in the services of Pakistan; (f) ensure full participation of women in all the spheres of national life. The above-mentioned goals were pursued by various policy documents announced by subsequent governments who came into power from time to time. Each policy stressed on: (a) Islamic ideology and character building; (b) the universalization of primary education and promotion of literacy; (c) science education; (d) quality of education; and (e) reduction in inequalities of educational facilities. Formal System of Education in Pakistan. In formal education system, there are a number of stages, which are illustrated in the diagram in Annexure-I as described briefly below: Pre Primary Schooling: Pre-primary education is functional and managed in schools through out country. Public schools provide pre-primary education as part of socialization process. The students attending pre-primary class are called Kachi. National Education EFA Action Plan Policy, 1998-2010 provided recognition to Kachi class as proxy for early childhood education. According to National Education Policy, 1998-2010, the Kachi class will be introduced as formal class in the primary schools. The age group for pre-primary is 5. Primary Schooling: This stage consists of five classes I-V and enrolls children of age 5-9 years. Since independence, the policy makers pronounced to make primary education free and compulsory. According to Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) 1998-99, the gross  participation rate was 71 percent in 1999, for male it was 80 percent and for female it was 61 percent. For urban female it was 92 and for rural it was 50 percent. The lowest participation rate observed for rural female in Sindh Province that was 33 percent. The net enrolment rate was 42 percent, for urban male it was 47 percent and 37 percent for rural female. Middle Schooling: The middle schooling is of three years duration and comprised of class VI, VII and VIII. The age group is 10-12 years. The participation rate at middle school was about 34 percent during 2000-2001. Males were 36 percent and females were 33 percent. High Schooling: The high school children stay for two years in classes IX and X. The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education conducts the examination. A certificate of secondary school is awarded to the successful candidates. The participation rate at high school was about 22 percent in 2000-2001 of which, 24 percent were males and 20 percent were females. Vocational Education is normally offered in high schooling. There are varieties of trades offered to the students and after completion of the course they get jobs as carpenters, masons, mechanics, welders, electrician, refrigeration and similar other trades. There are 498 vocational institutions with an enrolment of about 88 thousand in 2001-2002. Higher Secondary Education: The higher secondary stage is also called the â€Å"intermediate stage† and is considered a part of college education. Higher Secondary Education consists of classes XI to XII. During two years stay in this cycle of education, a student at the age of 16 years in this stage can opt for general education, professional education or technical education. The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) conducts the examination and awards a Certificate of Higher Secondary School Education (HSSC). According to 1979 Education Policy, all schools were to be upgraded to higher Secondary Schools. Middle sections of high schools were to be linked with primary schools (designating elementary education). This system has limited success and some problems were experienced. Keeping in view the problems this system is being introduced gradually. Higher Education: To obtain a degree, 4 years of higher education after 10 years of primary and secondary schooling is required. Students who pass their first-degree stage are awarded a Bachelor’s degree in arts or science, typically at the age of 19 years. In order to complete an honors course at Bachelor’s degree level an additional one year’s study is required. Further, a two years course is required for Master’s degrees who have completed two years Bachelors’ degree. A doctoral degree requires normally 3 years of study after the completion of a master’s degree course. Professional and Technical Education: The duration of post secondary education varies in technical and professional fields. The polytechnic diploma is a three-year course. A bachelor’s degree in medicine (MBBS) requires 5 years of study after intermediate stage (12 years of schooling). Similarly, a bachelor’s degree course both in engineering and veterinary medicine is of 4 years’ duration after the intermediate examination. Madrassah Education: Side by side with modern education system there is also religious education system, which provides Islamic education. These institutions have their own management system without interference from either the provincial or federal governments. However, grants-in-aid are provided to these institutions by the government. During 2000 there were 6761 religious institutions with an enrollment of 934,000, of which 132,000 were female students in 448  institutions (Khan, 2002). Efforts have been made by the present government to bring the Madrassah in the mainstream under Education Sector Reforms. The main purpose of mainstreaming Madrassah is to enlarge employment opportunities for their graduates. Pakistan Madrassah Education Boards are established to regulate the Madaris activities. Non-formal Education: There are millions of people in Pakistan who have no access to formal education system. It is not possible for the formal system to meet educational needs of the rapidly growing population. Non-formal Basic Education School scheme has been introduced for those who  have no access to formal education. This scheme is very cost-effective. Under this scheme primary education course is taught in forty months. Non-formal schools are opened in those areas where formal schools are not available. Government provides teacher’s salary and teaching material whereas community provides school building/room. There are 6371 NFBE schools functioning in the country. Examinations: Examinations are usually held annually, which are the main criterion to promote the students to higher classes or to retain them in the same class. However, recently a system  of automatic promotion up-to grade-III has been introduced in some schools. In the primary classes, examinations are conducted by the respective schools. However, at the end of the fifth year of the primary stage a public examination is held by the education department for promotion to the next grade. Another examination is held for the outstanding students to compete for the award of merit scholarships. Similarly, the examination in Middle Schools are held by the individual schools but there is a public examination at the end of grade VIII conducted by the Education Department for awarding of scholarships. The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) conducts the examinations of Secondary and Higher Secondary. The degree level examinations are conducted by the respective universities. Teachers’ Training: In Pakistan, there are 90 Colleges of Elementary Education which offer teachers’ training programs for Primary Teaching Certificate (PTC) and Certificate in Teaching (CT) to primary school teachers. For secondary school teachers, there are 16 Colleges of Education, offering graduate degrees in education and there are departments of education in 9 universities which train teachers at the master’s level. There are only 4 institutions which offer in-service teachers’ training. Besides these, the Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, offers a very comprehensive teachers’ training program based on distance learning; its total enrolment is about 10,000 per annum of which 7,000 complete various courses every year Private Education Sector: Private sector involvement in education is encouraging. The Federal Bureau of Statistics survey (1999-2000) indicates that there are 36,096 private educational institutions in Pakistan. About 61 percent of the institutions are in urban areas and 39 percent in rural  areas. The percentage share of private sector in enrollment is 18 percent at primary school level, 16 percent at middle school level and 14 percent at high school level. It has been observed that most of the private schools select their own curricula and textbooks, which are not in conformity with public schools. Majority of the schools are â€Å"English Medium† which attracts the parents for sending their children to these schools. Most of the schools are overcrowded and do not have adequate physical facilities. These schools are usually charging high fees from the students. Most of the schools are  unregistered; therefore, in most cases the certificates issued by these institutions are not recognized by public schools. Majority of these institutions are functioning in the rented buildings. The National Education Policy 1998-2010 proposed that there shall be regulatory bodies at the national and provincial levels to regulate activities and smooth functioning of privately managed schools and institutions of higher education through proper rules and regulations. A reasonable tax rebate shall be granted on the expenditure incurred on the setting up of educational facilities by the private sector. Grants-in-Aid for specific purposes shall be provided to private institutions. Setting up of private technical institutions shall be encouraged. Matching grants shall be provided for establishing educational institutions by the private sector in the rural areas or poor urban areas through Education Foundation. In rural areas, schools shall be established through public-private partnership schemes. The government shall not only provide free land to build the school but also bear a reasonable proportion of the cost of construction and management. Liberal loan facilities shall be  extended to private educational institutions by financial institutions. Despite all shortcomings of private education mentioned above, PIHS survey indicates that enrolment rates in public schools have declined since 1995-96 particularly a large decline has been observed in rural areas. It is generally perceived by parents that quality of education in private schools are better than the public schools, therefore, those parents who can afford prefer to send their children to private schools. These trends indicate that the public education system is unable to meet public demand for providing quality education in  the country. Administrative and Supervisory Structure and Operation According to the Constitution of Pakistan (1973), the Federal Government is entrusted the responsibility for policy, planning, and promotion of educational facilities in the federating units. This responsibility is in addition to the overall policymaking, coordinating and advisory authority; otherwise, education is the provincial subject. The Federal Ministry of Education administers the educational institutions located in the federal capital territory. Universities located in various provinces are administered by the provincial governments, but are exclusively funded by the federal government through the Higher Education Commission. The Federal Ministry of Education is headed by the Minister of Education. The most senior civil servant in the Ministry is the Education Secretary assisted by Joint Secretary and Joint Educational Advisors of each wing. There are 6 wings in the Federal Ministry of Education and each wing is headed by Joint Educational Advisor The provincial Education Departments are headed by their respective Provincial Education Ministers. The civil servant in charge of the department is the Provincial Education Secretary. The provinces are further divided into districts for the purpose of administration. The head of the Education Department in a district is Executive District Officer (EDO). Literacy Department functions separately in case of Punjab and Sindh only it is headed by Executive District Officer (EDO) literacy. In the Provinces of NWFP and Balochistan, literacy is the part of Education Department. The hierarchy then runs down to the District Education Officer, Sub-district Education Officer, Supervisors or Assistant Sub-district Education Officers . At the grass root level (the union council level), Learning Coordinators (LCs) provide academic guidance as well as supervise the schools. The administrative structure has been decentralized under the Devolution Plan. Village Education Committees (VECs)/ School Management Committees (SMCs) have been set up in the provinces at grass root level. Present Scenario of Education in Pakistan The government of Pakistan recognized that education is the basic right of every citizen; therefore, access to education for every citizen is crucial for economic development and for poverty alleviation. The present government has given much importance to education sector it has not only emphasized raising the present literacy rate but also emphasized improving the quality of education. The overall estimated literacy rate was 50. 5 percent, for male 63 percent and for female 38 percent during 2001-2002. Urban literacy rate was 70 percent and rural literacy rate is 30 percent during the same period. Pakistan net primary enrolment rate was 66 percent (male 82 percent, female 50 percent) and gross enrolment rate was 78 percent (male 91 percent, female 64 percent) during 2000-01. About 45 percent children who enrolled in grade-1 drop out before completing primary education cycle (male drop out 45 percent, female drop out 54 percent). There are about 4 million children of 5-9 age group who are left out of school. The left out includes those children who never enrolled and those who drop out. Enrolment at primary level was 16. 63 million during 2000-01. The gross enrolment at middle level was 34 percent, male 36 percent and female 33 percent in 2000-01. The gross enrolment at secondary level was 22 percent, 20 percent for female and 24 percent for male. The total number of Arts and Science colleges were 916 (male 536 and female 380) with the enrolment of 763,000 during 2000-01. There are 68 universities in Pakistan with the enrolment of 1. 1 million. Out of the total universities, 40 universities are managed by public sector. There are 203,439 educational institutions in Pakistan of which 36,096 institutions are run private sector and the share of the private sector is about 18 percent. The major issues and challenges of the education system include †¢low literacy rate, †¢high dropout rate, †¢wide spread teacher absenteeism, †¢weak management and supervision structure,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢shortage of trained and qualified teachers specially female, †¢lack of teachers dedication, †¢motivation and interest in their profession and †¢lack of physical facilities. †¢Moreover the curriculum is mostly outdated, irrelevant and does not fulfill the requirements of present day. Education For All (EFA): Education For All refers to the global commitment to ensure that by 2015 all children would complete primary education of good quality (Universal Primary Completion), and that gender disparity would be eliminated in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and no later than 2015. This commitment was made at the World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal in April 2000 and reaffirmed in the Millennium declaration in New York in September 2000. The Government of Pakistan is attaching top priority to EFA. The country has ten year Perspective Development Plan (2001-11) to visualize the long term macro-economic and sectoral growth strategies, Poverty Reduction and Human Development is the priority area of the Plan. Sector-wide development approach covering all the sectors of education has been adopted under the Perspective Plan. In order to address the EFA implications linkage  plan focusing on development of other sectors of Education has also been prepared. Nearly 80% of the ESR covers different goals of Education for All by 2015, reducing illiteracy by 50 percent with a focus on reducing the gender gap by 2015, life skills and learning opportunities for youth and adults; and early childhood education. The targeted groups for EFA goals belong to disadvantaged communities with minimal opportunities. These groups are highly vulnerable, without access to learning facilities, or public sector facilities, which are functioning at sub-optimal levels.

Gender Differences. Generalizations At Work To Be Aware

Gender Differences Generalizations at Work to be Aware of: 1) Women talk about other people, while men talk about tangible things like business, sports, food, and drinks. 2) Women ask questions to gain an understanding, and men talk to give information rather than asking questions. 3) Women are more likely to talk to other women when a problem or conflict arises, while men are often known for dealing with problems or issues internally, and 4) women focus on feelings, senses and meaning. They rely on their intuition to find answers, in which men focus on facts, reason, and logic. They find answers by analyzing and figuring things out. A disagreement between women affects many aspects of their relationship and may take a long time to†¦show more content†¦For a woman to rise in the company she must be comfortable enough to step out of her comfort zone and experiment with unfamiliar behaviours to find new forms of exercising leadership. Without confirmation of one’s behaviours, it is quite common to see diminishing self-confidenc e and a discouraged notion toward seeking developmental opportunities or experimenting for further growth. A better way to define yourself in the company is to â€Å"have the key client relationship.†. This is one way to get noticed as a good force within the company. Another way is to pursue goals that align with your personal values and advance the collective good. If you can inspire commitment, boost resolve, and help colleagues find deeper meaning in their work then you are well on your way to becoming an effective leader and establishing your worth to the company. It is said that â€Å"integrating leadership into one’s core identity is particularly challenging for women,† since â€Å"behaviours considered more common in men suggest that women are simply not cut out to be leaders.† All of this makes it more difficult for women as people tend to gravitate to individuals exhibiting these behaviours, causing men to support other men, and making climbing the corporate ladder a more difficult task for women. Here are the three actions suggested to facilitate women’s access to leadership positions: 1) Educate women and men about secondShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cultural and Racial Stereotyping1439 Words   |  6 Pageshave to do with sensitive subjects like gender or race. â€Å"Stereotyping is a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behaviors† (Floyd, 61). 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The Effects of Physical Fitness on Depression on Female...

The effects of physical fitness on depression A growing epidemic in America is depression. Physicians are able to prescribe drugs to help with the symptoms of depression, but other therapeutic methods have been studied and show great results in recovery. Therapeutic Physical Fitness has shown to reduce depression and anxiety. Ihas been confirmed through experiments that physical exercise can be as effective as antidepressant drugs and some cases suggest that it better prevents symptom recurrence. According to a study published in the European Journal of Public Health in August 2005, Effects of physical exercise on depression neuron doctrine stress hormones and physiological fitness in adolescent females with†¦show more content†¦Urine samples were collected from all participants at the beginning of the study. After the first eight weeks urine samples were taken again for both groups. 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Sociological Perspectives And Trends Of Health And Illness

M2 Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. D1 Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. Introduction In this assignment I will be writing about two sociological perspectives and discus there patterns and trends of health and illness to two social groups. The black report was published in 1980, and it included different facts about how health can be improved from all different backgrounds in different social groupings. There is still a co-relation between social class and infant mortality rates, life expectancy and inequalities in the use of medical services. This report looked at the differences between health and illness. Sociologists from this very day still use the black report to look at inequalities of health because it was that significant and powerful. Different researches do believe that there is a link between social class and health. It is a statistical impression and also it has been argued that there isn’t really a pattern in social class, age and peoples employment that has had an impact on people’s health inequalities. Statistical artefact is a connection that shows how different systems have been used and measured. lower class have a much higher morbidity and mortality rates which are compared with the higher class that only work in offices or as a doctors. Researchers haveShow MoreRelatedMerit 2 – Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups.1037 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Merit 2 – Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. Distinction 1 - Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. There are many different factors that can increase your chance of becoming ill and dying. The different factors are social class, gender, age and ethnicity. The different social groups I will look at are social class and genderRead MoreSociology M2-D1803 Words   |  3 PagesM2 - Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups D1 - Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups In this assignment I hope to effectively discuss and evaluate the patterns and trends associated with health and illness within the higher and lower social classes. I am going to do this by discussing and evaluating the following explanationsRead MoreEssay about Health and Social Care a-Level Unit 7 M2 and D1692 Words   |  3 PagesM2- Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in TWO different social groups. I’m going to write about two different social groups, Gender and Social Class because Feminism fits in to gender and Marxism fits into Social Class. D1- Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of health and illness in two different social groups. Social Class- Marxism. M2: This table shows that people who live in most deprived areas areRead MoreSocial Variables Of Race, Gender, Class And Health914 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the key social variables of race, gender, class and health. The relationship between key social variables of race, gender, class and health is important for sociologist. Intersection of race, class and gender can help predict health related outcomes. According to Henslin (2014) sociologist stress the need to use sociological imagination in understanding how personal troubles are related to changes in society. This sociological perspective makes people aware of how social context influences thingsRead MorePatterns And Trends Regarding Health And Illness Vary Within Different Social Groupings759 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Patterns and trends regarding health and illness vary within different social groupings. For example, age and social class. Most people at retirement age are healthy and fit making valued contributions to society through paid work, volunteer work and by being a good citizen to society. However there are significant higher levels of illness in people over 75 due to their bodies being unable to function as well as it did as th ey age, therefore they are unlikely to receive as much exercise and freshRead MoreSociological Approaches Of Mental Illness1367 Words   |  6 Pageswith mental illness, where their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors violate own or others expectations (the violation of social norms). 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As far as Durkheim was concerned, although suicide itself is a very individual act, the reasoning behind suicide was due to predominantly social factors (Durkheim 1970, p44). Suicide was sociological, not psychological. His research was based not on the personality traits of those who had committed suicide, but instead at the suicide rates of different countries compared to the social fa ctors that link the countries together (Durkheim 1970Read MoreMental Health Issues: What ´s Stigma? 3355 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The aim of this literature review is to examine stigma as an influential factor on help seeking behaviours for young adults with mental health issues. The terms stigma has been present and utilised first by the Greeks, who used the term to describe a marking which signified something unusual or corrupt about a person’s moral status (Goffman 1968, Davis 2006). It has been further modernised in Erving Goffman’s (1963) ‘’Stigma, Notes of the management of spoiled identity’’ but has largely

Macroeconomics †Competition with China and India Free Essays

The phenomenon of rapid economic growth in China and India is often discussed within the frameworks of is possible threat to the global world economy. Recent forums dedicated to financial issues, as well as the major increase of the numbers of papers in the economic press (FT, Business Week etc.) especially since stock markets in China took a major hit end of February, show that â€Å"China has gone from being interesting to being important† (Business Week, March 2007) also for investors and not only for economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics – Competition with China and India or any similar topic only for you Order Now The prospective future seems to be at hand. There is nothing to worry about. However, historical European countries such as Germany and France are not disposed to overoptimistic conclusions – neither historically, nor politically. The general balance of risks and perspectives inclines towards favorable economic situation. However, the situation is not as optimistic as it seems to be. The US Treasury Secretary also considers that the countries should double their efforts. It is necessary to continue the implementation of tax reforms, to favor the development of industries and formation of appropriate labor force market, and to make the heading policy more flexible. These remarks are obviously addressed to China and India. Besides, the U.S. government worries about China’s â€Å"military modernization program, economic dynamism, expanded diplomatic influence across Asia and increased global search for energy resources†. So, what is going on? The answer might be quite simple. Last year the world economic system faced a ‘silent revolution’. For the first time in the history China and India became the subjects of the world economy. Twenty years ago the world had no slightest idea of the Chinese and Indian economies. The China’s share in the worldwide GDP exceeded no 1 per cent. It was actually lost in the categories like ‘mistakes and omissions’. However, in result of rapid economic growth (average 9% per year) China became the sixth largest national economy making the total of about 6% of the world’s GDP. Last year the industrial world could feel the ‘hot breath’ of Chinese economic dragon. According to the absolute majority of analysts, the growth of Chinese domestic and foreign demand became one of the main factors contributing to cost increase for raw materials and semi-manufactured goods all over the world. China and India have strong economy and almost no flexibility. Moreover, it is difficult to define the exact share of China and India in the world economy due to so-called controlled and non-marketable sector. The countries occupy a leading position by such indexes like the most preferable countries for initial investments, the most preferable offshore zones for location of the offshore enterprises and manufactures, and the most preferable zone for IT services attraction and utilization. Compared to other huge markets of the developing countries, the entrepreneurs find China and India more attractive markets both in the short-term and the long-term perspectives, leaving such countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Poland far behind. The countries present two completely different markets. Whereas China is known as the leading manufacturer and the most rapidly growing consumer goods market, India is the largest supplier of IT services and the leader in business processes outsourcing. India’s market is oriented towards the long-term perspective. The investors prefer China because of the market size, access to export opportunities, numerous initiatives countenance by the governments, moderate working expenses, proper infrastructure and favorable macroeconomic climate. The India offers the following: well trained labor force, talented management personnel, the supremacy of the legislative authorities, transparency of business transactions, cultural similarities and favorable business climate. Since 2002, when Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji traveled to India’s political, commercial and tech capitals, China and India started improving ties, not just for trade but for economic cooperation. What are the threats to the global economy?[U1]   China and India became the ‘economic knot’ of the entire Asian region. Therefore, cost reduction of labor force on a global scale is one of the main threats to the global economy. In result, the products, where labor force is one of the main components of expenses will also become cheaper. Another way of putting it is that one shouldn’t think to locate the routine labor intensive manufacture outside the country with hundreds million people satisfied with 1-2 dollars rate per hour. On contrary, the countries assigning a specialization to industry involving high-skill jobs expect to derive benefit from the situation. The additional expenses are also expected by raw material exporters. Last, but not least, expanding ties between India and China would help the latter to benefit from India’s experience in the World Trade Organization to move from mass manufacturing of inexpensive goods to more sophisticated bus inesses. India and China are set to overtake even the strongest market forces in the world.   The rapidly growing manufacturing units and consumer goods markets of China, and the strong IT services and BPO industry of India has seemed to be huge boosts to domestic the economies.   Soon India would lead the IT industry market in the world and China would dominate the manufacturing industry in the World.   Several global giants are actually setting up back-end offices and manufacturing hubs in these two Asian nations. The markets in India are growing at the rate of about 30 % every year, and about 44 % of the global outsourcing business is actually based in India.   India has been able to dominate the global outsourcing business as it has several education institutions producing well-trained professionals.   Besides, they are able to speak English and can effectively communicate with their western counterparts.   On the other hand, China is known for its labor-oriented workforce and infrastructure abilities that would be a suitable plus point for the manufacturing industry.   Earlier, the strong markets of the world were actually ignoring the markets of India and China.   However, considering the rapid growth, these markets cannot henceforth ignore India and China. These two counties still offer huge amount of opportunities, which until now have remained untapped.   Today markets are growing in those areas where a great proportion of the human population exists.   Although, there may be several obstacles in the path of growth and development for the Indian and the Chinese markets, it does seem definite that these two countries would grow further.   There would also be demand in the international market for cost-effective and skilled labor.   Both, India and China have taken a lot risks, and for now at least, these risks are paying huge dividends (Money Week, 2005, ZD Net, 2007, Schaaf, 2005). References: Schaaf, J. (2005), Outsourcing to India: Crouching tiger set to pounce, [Online], Available: site: http://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000192125.pdf, [Accessed: 2007, September 10]. The Money Week (2005), Underground threats to the global economy, [Online], Available: site: http://www.moneyweek.com/file/25075/underground-threats-to-the-global-economy.html, [Accessed: 2007, September 10]. ZD Net (2007), China and India set to lead global innovation, [Online], Available: site: http://news.zdnet.co.uk/emergingtech/0,1000000183,39287977,00.htm,  [Accessed: 2007, September 10].  [U1] Please do develop this conclusion. How to cite Macroeconomics – Competition with China and India, Essay examples

Systems Proposal - Implementation and Development - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSystems Proposal, Implementation and Development for David. Answer: Introduction Background information Davids used car company is owned by David Steel. It is a dealership company that buys and sells used cars. David has a stock of about 200cars and he buys and sells approximately 10cars/ day. Steele repossesses a car from banks, purchases trade-in cars from new vehicle dealers and obtains cars from auctioneers. Currently, steel employs two sales person and five mechanics to prepare and repair vehicles for resale. The owner and salespersons operate from the office in front of car yard and the mechanics work under the shard behind the yard. David does not accept payments for from cars in trade. Steel uses paper folder record information of purchased cars. He accumulates car information in the folder and maintains an alphabetic cabinet file by car model and make. Every car is assigned a unique identification number with five digits in advertisement and on the lot (Hambrick Cannella, 1989, p. 342). Statement of the problem Steele has been using a manual system to record and store data for the cars he buys and sells. He uses a paper folder and master sheet. He also stores his employees information concerning sales and commission on a separate account and files with a unique sequence number. Davids system has no problems. He sometimes forgets to update prices on car stickers to show repairs made. These errors are frequent and are not easily discovered until the time of selling. He forgets to file Friday folders of car sales and commission payments. In the recent week, Salespeople are not receiving their required commission. David has noticed that some cars have stayed on the display for a long period before being sold. Steel has no time to review the problem and identify those cars for resale. Despite receiving assistance from his daughter, David uses much time on paperwork. This makes him frustrated since information is inaccurate and analyzing and processing paperwork is time consuming thus making busi ness management difficult. This leads to system inefficiency that is time-consuming and increases in the cost of money (Hambrick Cannella, 1989, p. 342). Solution and control A computerized system as technology practice serves as a control and solution to Davids used car. An all-in-one and easy-to-use systems will assist David to manage his business time and inefficiencies. Even though steel does not have formal education and has no computer information, having this system will help him to control stock management, customer information, and employees information. He fears to learn computer but has information about computer system making clerical operation simple. He is aware that once information is stored in the computer, that information can be used to generate various kinds of information useful for analysis and cash flow improvement. Therefore he should implement software that can help track files, schedules, deadlines, and document. This will ensure efficiency and effectiveness of the operation. The ability of computer storing large data saves cost, space and convenient for use (Carnall, 1999, p. 167). Proposed system An off-the-shelf tool is used to address specific needs and is targeted at large markets audience. This software is affordable since their costs of development are distributed to many audiences. Therefore this system needs more generic and complex functions and features to enable it to address all the needs of Davids used car. The system will be implemented if there is enough support from users and management. This will enable the organization to do its operations efficiently and automatically. The system is always maintained, supported and developed by solution vendors (Gattiker, 1990, p. 156). The system needs the following features: Financial cost The owner should consider the initial cost of implementation and maintenance. These costs are usually high and therefore an analysis of the benefits and costs need to be done before buying the new system. For Davids case, the system will be operated and developed by the existing software and hardware infrastructures. So that he cuts down the additional costs (Egan, 2007, p. 187). It is believed that an investment of $2500 within four years will increase sales from $10000 to $ 55000, gross margin from $8000-50000 and profit from $2000 to $15000. Users behavior Users have to be trained on the use of software to allow them to have knowledge of how the system works. The user should have support services from the vendors of the system. The software upgrades and updates should happen frequently in order to help the system work well (Kotter Schlesinger, 1979, p. 134). Disadvantages of the system Low cost-the initial cost of purchase and implementation are high. This is because the system requires maintenance cost, upgrades, license fee and website costs which increases the budget. It is not a good solution to the business since it has a lot of hidden costs.it involves a change of staff behavior and processes through training which may be costly. It may not meet all the needs the company wants and therefore not reliable. The business process has to change to meet the functions of the software. This increases the cost of operation (Wasserman, 2013, p. 345). Implementation Issue We will implement on the shelf software application to test the efficiency of operation. A trial of the system will be done in the first six months and this will provide an opportunity to get feedback for further planning. We plan to have a supplier-customer application and portal online for easy access (Strauss, 2010, p. 123). Our system implemented will focus on attracting new customers and retaining the existing ones. Being Loyal to customers is crucial to help us generate a lot of return as well as earn the reputation and good image. In the process of implementing there are many issues that arise and need attention they include: Technical features The system should have enough capacity and capability to perform tasks. This will help provide reliable, accurate and secure information. The environment with which to implement the system should be well ventilated for the system to work well (Stephen, 2007, p. 234). The system should be flexible to allow users transfer information easily through the network. They should be able to compress large amounts of data and files within a short period of time without causing difficulties This system will have a software that will help the user work with it without having any difficulty e.g. missing data, easy contact and view data (Hess, 2011, p. 567). Security features The network should provide security features for the transactions that take place within the company. The system should have the ability to identify the user by providing communication to the authorized user in relation to the prescribed security features (Fields, 2014, p. 126). It is projected that a new system will see the company increase sales up and by so the profits of the company will go up as well. The system will help reduce the possible errors thus reducing the high costs of paying customers more than once (Ries, 2011, p. 45). These sales are shown in the graph below in Appendix 1. Reference list Bruce , R. Barringer , R., 2012. Entrepreneurship: successfully Launching New Ventures. 1 ed. New Jersey: Wiley. Carnall, C., 1999. Managing change in organizations. London: Prentice Hall. Egan, J., 2007. Marketing Communications. London: Thompson London. Fields, R., 2014. Restaurant Succes by the Numbers. A Money guide to Opening the Next New Hot Sport, 24 07. Gattiker, U. E., 1990. Technology management in organizations. Newbury Park: CA: Sage. Hambrick, D. Cannella, A., 1989. Strategy implementation as substance and selling. Academy of Management Executive. 1 ed. London: Prentice Hall. Hess, E. D., 2011. Growing an Enterpreneurial Business. London: Palgrave. Kotter, J. Schlesinger, L., 1979. Choosing strategies for change. Harvard Business Review, 23 3. Ries, E., 2011. Lean Startup. Sydney: Australia: EMU library. Stephen, J., 2007. Ultimate Startup Directory. London: Sage. Strauss, D., 2010. Planet Entrepreneur. 1 ed. North America: Sage. Wasserman, N., 2013. The Founders of Dilemmas:Anticipating and Avoiding the Pitfalls that can Sink a Startup. 1 ed. Chicago: Princeton University Press.